Metallurgic industry in Europe in the years 1990–2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24917/20801653.344.11Keywords:
aluminum, copper, metallurgy, nickel, steel, steelmaking, zinc and leadAbstract
Metallurgy is considered a key sector of any national economy and an important branch of heavy industry. It has strategic meaning for arms production and other industries and services. Its products are mostly used by construction industry, transportation means, infrastructure development and many services and other industrial sectors. Therefore, this paper documents changes in metallurgy in the years 1990-2020, when there were significant events, like communist states collapse with a change of their economic regimes, financial crisis, and the most significant technological progress in history. Collected data were compared on a basis of cartograms showing a distribution of metallurgical production in regional approach. Research includes whole European economy and shows many accompanying processes: globalization, regional economic integration, technological development, new resources exploration, and gradual closing down of old industrial hubs. The following products were analyzed: steel and pig iron, copper, ferroalloys, aluminum, zinc, lead and nickel. This article has supplementary figures showing geographical distribution of main metallurgical plants during last three decades which allows to formulate conclusions on the distribution of production.
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